Historic First: Doctors Use Robotics to Perform Stroke Surgery Across the Atlantic & doctors perform stroke surgery from USA to Scotland ">

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Historic First: Doctors Use Robotics to Perform Stroke Surgery Across the Atlantic

 

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In the dim glow of a high-tech operating theater in Dundee, Scotland, a human cadaver lay still on the table, its preserved form a silent witness to medical history in the making. Thousands of miles away, in the sunny confines of Jacksonville, Florida, neurosurgeon Dr. Ricardo Hanel adjusted his gloves—not over a patient, but over a sophisticated control console. With a mere 120-millisecond delay—a blink of an eye—he maneuvered delicate wires through the cadaver's arteries, removing a simulated blood clot that could have spelled disaster for a living brain. 

 

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This wasn't science fiction; it was October 2025, and the world had just witnessed the first transatlantic robotic stroke surgery. A procedure once confined to the realms of imagination had bridged continents, promising to redefine how we combat one of humanity's most relentless foes: stroke.
This groundbreaking event, executed with precision robotics from Lithuanian innovator Sentante, marks a pivotal moment in telemedicine and neurosurgery. Led by Professor Iris Grunwald of the University of Dundee and Dr. Hanel of Baptist Medical Center, the surgery demonstrated that expert intervention no longer requires physical presence. 

 

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In a world where strokes strike every 40 seconds in the United States alone, and globally claim millions of lives annually, this achievement isn't just a technical triumph—it's a beacon of hope for equitable healthcare. As we delve into the details, we'll explore the science, the heroes, and the profound implications of this historic first, revealing how it could save countless lives by erasing geographical barriers.

 

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The urgency of this innovation becomes clear when we consider the devastating toll of stroke. Often dubbed the "silent killer," stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, either by a blockage (ischemic stroke) or a burst vessel (hemorrhagic stroke). Ischemic strokes, accounting for about 87% of cases, are particularly amenable to interventions like thrombectomy—the mechanical removal of a clot. Yet, time is the ultimate enemy: for every minute a stroke goes untreated, up to 1.9 million brain cells die. In the UK, where this procedure unfolded, only a fraction of eligible patients receive timely treatment, highlighting a global disparity that this robotic leap aims to address.

 

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What makes this event gripping is not merely the distance spanned—over 4,000 miles across the Atlantic—but the seamless fusion of human expertise and robotic precision. Imagine a rural patient in the Scottish Highlands, far from specialized centers in Glasgow or Edinburgh, suddenly struck by a clot. Traditionally, transport delays could mean permanent disability or death. Now, with remote robotics, a world-class specialist could intervene from anywhere, turning minutes into miracles. 

 

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This article will unpack the journey to this milestone, from the historical roots of telesurgery to the cutting-edge tech that made it possible, all while building a foundation of trust through verified insights and expert perspectives. Prepare to be captivated by a story that blends high-stakes drama with scientific rigor, one that could very well shape the future of medicine.
Understanding Stroke: The Silent Killer
Stroke doesn't discriminate. It can strike anyone, anywhere, at any time—whether you're a young athlete in peak condition or an elderly retiree enjoying a quiet afternoon. Globally, stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability, with nearly 12 million new cases each year. One in four adults over the age of 25 will experience a stroke in their lifetime, a statistic that underscores the epidemic's scale. In 2019 alone, ischemic strokes affected 77.19 million individuals worldwide, resulting in 63.48 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost and 3.29 million deaths. These numbers aren't abstract; they represent families shattered, careers derailed, and lives forever altered.

 

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At its core, a stroke is a vascular catastrophe. In an ischemic stroke, a clot—often formed from plaque buildup in arteries or dislodged from the heart—blocks blood flow to the brain. Starved of oxygen, brain tissue begins to die rapidly. Symptoms can be subtle at first: a sudden numbness on one side of the body, slurred speech, or a drooping face. But without swift intervention, the damage cascades, leading to paralysis, cognitive impairment, or fatality. 

 

 

 

 

Hemorrhagic strokes, caused by ruptured vessels, add the complication of bleeding into the brain, but ischemic events remain the primary target for advanced procedures like thrombectomy.
Thrombectomy, the star of our historic event, is a minimally invasive procedure where surgeons thread a catheter through an artery—typically starting from the groin or wrist—to reach and extract the clot. Guided by real-time imaging like X-rays or fluoroscopy, the surgeon deploys a stent retriever or aspiration device to snag and remove the obstruction, restoring blood flow.

 

 

 

 The window for success is narrow: ideally within 4.5 hours for clot-busting drugs like tPA, but up to 24 hours for thrombectomy in select cases. Every six-minute delay reduces the chance of a good outcome by 1%, emphasizing the mantra "time is brain."
Yet, access remains a barrier. In Scotland, only three centers—Dundee, Glasgow, and Edinburgh—offer thrombectomy, forcing patients in remote areas to endure life-threatening transfers. Last year, out of 9,625 ischemic strokes in Scotland, a mere 212 (2.2%) received this lifesaving treatment. 

 

 

 

 

Across the UK, the figure hovers at 3.9% for the year ending March 2024. Globally, the socioeconomic burden is staggering: in the UK alone, strokes cost £26 billion annually in healthcare, lost productivity, and informal care. Women bear a disproportionate load, accounting for 56% of stroke survivors worldwide.
This disparity is exacerbated by a shortage of interventional neuroradiologists—specialists trained in these intricate procedures. In rural or underserved regions, patients might wait hours for transport to a equipped facility, during which irreparable brain damage occurs. 

 

 

 

 

Enter robotic telesurgery: a game-changer that decouples expertise from location. By enabling remote operations, it promises to democratize access, potentially slashing delays and boosting survival rates. But to appreciate this leap, we must trace the roots of robotic surgery, a field that has evolved from military experiments to everyday miracles.

 

 

 


The Evolution of Robotic Surgery
The concept of operating on a patient from afar sounds like a plot from a futuristic novel, but its origins date back decades. Telesurgery, or remote surgery, emerged in the 1970s amid Cold War tensions, when NASA and the U.S. military sought ways to treat astronauts or soldiers in hostile environments without on-site surgeons. Early prototypes were rudimentary, but they laid the groundwork for what would become a revolutionary field.

 

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A milestone came in the 1980s with the development of the PUMA 560, a robotic arm used for neurosurgical biopsies. By the 1990s, systems like AESOP (Automated Endoscopic System for Optimal Positioning) allowed voice-controlled camera manipulation during minimally invasive procedures. The ZEUS system, introduced in the late 1990s, enabled telesurgery experiments, including a transatlantic cholecystectomy in 2001—dubbed Operation Lindbergh—where surgeons in New York removed a gallbladder from a patient in Strasbourg, France. This proved latency issues could be managed, with delays under 200 milliseconds.

 

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The da Vinci Surgical System, launched by Intuitive Surgical in 2000, became the gold standard, offering 3D visualization, tremor filtration, and scaled movements for precision. Initially used in urology and gynecology, it expanded to neurosurgery, handling delicate tasks like tumor resections. However, early telesurgery stalled after 2001 due to regulatory hurdles, high costs, and connectivity limitations.

The 2010s saw a resurgence, driven by advancements in AI, 5G networks, and haptic feedback—technology that lets surgeons "feel" tissues remotely. Systems like the Corindus CorPath focused on endovascular procedures, including stroke interventions. In neurology, robotics enhanced accuracy for deep brain stimulation and laser ablation. 

 

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The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated telemedicine adoption, highlighting the need for remote capabilities to minimize exposure risks.
By 2025, telesurgery has entered a golden era. The Society of Robotic Surgery's annual congress marked a turning point, showcasing global collaborations. Innovations like millimeter-scale robots for bloodstream navigation hint at even bolder futures. Yet, the Dundee-Jacksonville procedure stands out, applying these tools to stroke care—a field where seconds count. This evolution isn't just about machines; it's about augmenting human skill to reach the unreachable, setting the stage for the Sentante system that powered this historic feat.

 

 

 


The Breakthrough Technology: Sentante Robotic System
At the heart of this transatlantic triumph is the Sentante robotic system, a haptic endovascular platform developed by Lithuanian MedTech company Inovatyvi Medicina. Unlike traditional joystick-controlled robots, Sentante mimics the tactile sensations of manual surgery, allowing operators to feel the subtle resistance of vessels and wires as if they were in the room.

 

 

 

 


The system comprises a bedside robot and a remote console. Standard guidewires and catheters connect to sensors that capture the surgeon's hand movements, transmitting them over a secure network to the robot, which replicates them in real time. Haptic feedback is key: it provides force sensations directly to the surgeon's fingertips, enhancing precision and reducing error risks. A local team handles initial arterial access—inserting the catheter into the groin or wrist—before the remote expert takes control.

Designed for acute ischemic strokes, Sentante addresses the specialist shortage by enabling teleoperated interventions from remote hospitals. It received FDA Breakthrough Device Designation in September 2025, fast-tracking its path to clinical use. Connectivity is bolstered by partners like Nvidia and Ericsson, ensuring low latency—even across oceans. Training is minimal; Prof. Grunwald needed just 20 minutes to master it.

 

 

 


Prior to the human cadaver trial, Sentante was tested on silicon models, 3D-printed replicas, and animals, proving its efficacy in simulated thrombectomies. The system's compatibility with common cath lab equipment lowers barriers to adoption, making it a scalable solution for global stroke care. As CEO Edvardas Satkauskas noted, "Sometimes, the future is way closer than we think." This technology doesn't replace surgeons; it empowers them to extend their reach, potentially transforming emergency response worldwide.

 

 

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The Pioneers Behind the Procedure
No breakthrough happens in isolation; it's the product of visionary minds. Leading the charge in Dundee is Professor Iris Grunwald, a trailblazing interventional neuroradiologist whose career spans continents and innovations. As Director of the Image Guided Therapy Research Facility (IGTRF) at the University of Dundee and Chair of Neuroradiology, Grunwald has pioneered stroke thrombectomy training and research. Born in Germany, she trained in neurology and radiology before moving to the UK, where she became Vice President of the World Federation for Interventional Stroke Treatment. 

 

 

 

 

Her work on cross-specialty training has broken silos, emphasizing collaboration in stroke care. Grunwald's Innovate UK award recognizes her entrepreneurial spirit, blending clinical expertise with tech development.
Across the Atlantic, Dr. Ricardo Hanel brings a wealth of endovascular prowess. As Director of the Stroke & Cerebrovascular Center at Baptist Health in Jacksonville, Hanel specializes in treating acute strokes with groundbreaking therapies. 

 

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With a MD from Brazil and PhD in neuroscience, he has authored over 200 publications and holds patents in neurovascular devices. Honored with awards like the National Prof. Dr. title, Hanel's focus on minimally invasive techniques has saved countless lives. His collaboration with Grunwald exemplifies international synergy, driven by a shared mission to conquer stroke's geographical constraints.

 

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Together, these pioneers embody the human element in technological advancement. Grunwald's reflection—"It felt as if we were witnessing the first glimpse of the future"—captures the awe of their achievement. Hanel echoed, "To operate from the US to Scotland with a 120 millisecond lag is truly remarkable." Their partnership not only executed the procedure but also paves the way for broader adoption.

 

 

 


The Historic Procedure: Step by Step
The stage was set at the University of Dundee's IGTRF, the UK's only facility for cadaver-based stroke simulations with circulating fluid mimicking blood. Four cadavers, donated by individuals who passed within the last three years and embalmed for research, provided a realistic model—far superior to silicon or animal tests.

 

 

 


The day began with Prof. Grunwald performing the first remote thrombectomy locally in Dundee. A team inserted a catheter into the cadaver's femoral artery, threading it toward the brain under fluoroscopic guidance. From a separate console, Grunwald controlled the Sentante robot, navigating wires to the simulated clot in the middle cerebral artery. Using a stent retriever, she ensnared and extracted the blockage, monitoring via live X-rays. The haptic feedback allowed her to sense vessel walls, avoiding perforations.

 

 

 


Hours later, the transatlantic phase commenced. Dr. Hanel, in Florida, connected via high-speed network. With the cadaver prepped in Dundee, he assumed control, replicating the process across 4,000 miles. The 120ms latency was imperceptible; Hanel described it as "highly tactile, similar to a conventional thrombectomy." 

 

 

 

 

Step by step: arterial access, catheter advancement, clot localization, deployment of the retrieval device, and successful extraction—all executed remotely.
This wasn't a live patient procedure yet, but it proved every element feasible: from initial puncture to clot removal. The cadavers' preserved vasculature, with fluid circulation, mimicked human physiology, validating the system's real-world potential. 

Observers, including tech experts from Nvidia and Ericsson, ensured seamless connectivity, turning a potential hurdle into a highlight.

 

 

 


The success built on prior demos: a silicon model in 2021, a 3D-printed replica, and an animal trial. Each step escalated complexity, culminating in this human cadaver first. The procedure's narrative—bridging oceans in real time—evokes the drama of a high-stakes mission, where precision meets innovation to conquer distance.

Challenges Overcome and Risks Involved
No medical breakthrough is without obstacles. Latency, once a telesurgery killer, was mitigated to 120ms through advanced networks—negligible for human perception. Connectivity failures pose risks, but redundant systems and on-site backups address this. Haptic fidelity ensures surgeons don't overforce instruments, reducing vessel damage.
Ethical considerations loom: cadaver use respects donor wishes, but transitioning to live patients requires rigorous trials. Regulatory hurdles, like FDA approval, demand proof of safety and efficacy. Cost is another barrier; robotic systems are expensive, though scalability could lower prices.

 

 

 


Risks include procedural complications like embolization or hemorrhage, amplified remotely without immediate hands-on intervention. However, the technology's precision may actually reduce errors compared to fatigued surgeons. Training standardization is crucial, as is cybersecurity to prevent hacks.
Despite these, the Dundee team overcame them through meticulous planning, proving telesurgery's viability. As Grunwald noted, "Where previously this was thought to be science fiction, we demonstrated that every step... can already be done."


Implications for Global Healthcare
This historic procedure could revolutionize stroke care, particularly in underserved areas. In regions like northern Scotland, where specialist access is limited, remote thrombectomy could eliminate transfer delays, boosting outcomes. Globally, with 15 million annual strokes, it addresses inequities: rural patients in developing countries could tap urban expertise without travel.

 

 

 


Equity is key; Stroke Association CEO Juliet Bouverie called it "a remarkable innovation" for rebalancing treatment access. By enabling 24/7 coverage, it mitigates specialist shortages, potentially increasing thrombectomy rates from low single digits to widespread availability.
Economically, reduced disabilities mean lower long-term costs. In the US, strokes cost $56 billion yearly; faster interventions could save billions. Future expansions might include heart attacks or aneurysms, broadening impact.

As automation grows, neurosurgery could see AI-assisted procedures, but human oversight remains essential. This event signals a shift toward hybrid models, where technology bridges gaps, fostering global collaboration.

 

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Expert Opinions and Future Outlook
Experts hail this as a "game changer." Grunwald emphasized, "A specialist doesn't need to be in the same hospital, or even in the same country." Hanel added, "This technology would provide a new way where you're not depending on where you live." Sentante's Satkauskas sees it accelerating regulatory paths.
Clinical trials are slated for next year, focusing on live patients. The future includes integrated AI for path planning and expanded applications in neuroendoscopy.

 As robotic surgery booms, expect more transcontinental feats, making elite care universal.


Conclusion
The transatlantic robotic stroke surgery of 2025 isn't just a headline; it's a harbinger of medicine's new era. By conquering distance, it offers hope to millions, proving that innovation can outpace even the swiftest threats like stroke. As we move forward, this historic first reminds us: the future of healthcare is here, connected, and boundless.

 

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Legal Disclaimer
The information presented in the article “Historic First: Doctors Use Robotics to Perform Stroke Surgery Across the Atlantic” is for general informational and educational purposes only. It is not intended to constitute, and should not be relied upon as, medical advice, diagnosis, treatment, or professional healthcare guidance of any kind.
All descriptions of medical procedures, technologies, outcomes, and statistics are based on publicly available data, peer-reviewed research, and statements from involved institutions as of November 11, 2025. While every effort has been made to ensure accuracy and reliability, medical science evolves rapidly, and clinical practices may vary by jurisdiction, facility, and individual patient circumstances.
The Sentante robotic system and associated procedures described remain under clinical investigation or regulatory review in many regions. They are not universally approved for routine clinical use, and availability is limited to authorized research or healthcare settings. No representation is made regarding the safety, efficacy, or suitability of any robotic telesurgery system for any specific patient.
Readers are strongly advised to consult qualified healthcare professionals for personal medical concerns. Decisions regarding stroke prevention, diagnosis, or treatment—including the potential future use of remote robotic interventions—must be made in consultation with licensed physicians familiar with the patient’s full medical history.
The author, publisher, and website owner assume no liability for any actions taken or not taken in reliance on the content of this article. References to third-party organizations, products, or individuals do not imply endorsement.

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